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Greg Passuntino


Graphic designer, web designer, and native New Yorker. Grew up in downtown NYC and currently resides in Chinatown. He eats dollar dumplings at least once a day.

Zero Dollar Bill<?php the_title(); ?>

Artist Laura Gilbert was featured today on CNN for her stunt “The Zero Dollar.” Laura passed out 10,000 fake “zero dollars” at the New York Stock Exchange to passerby’s. Who knows, maybe those bills will be worth something one day, being that they were signed by Laura.
Laura stated that the zero dollar project was [...]

America is F*cked<?php the_title(); ?>

This is Aaron Draplin telling a story about a sign. He’s a graphic designer and very passionate about what he does. This clip is an extra from a mini documentary called ‘America is F*cked’. Strong language- mostly lots of F words.
If you like what you saw here, checkout Aaron Draplin’s site.

Sticker Cars<?php the_title(); ?>

‘Sticker cars’ is a phrase you may not be too familiar with, but if you live in New Orleans it’s very possible you do. It’s a new breed of “customization” that’s hitting the car scene hard down south. You make the car “your own” by getting it vinyl wrapped, or, stickered.
I personally don’t see how [...]

The Italic Poster

Every once and a while I see a poster that I really like. If you can’t guess already, I really like this one. It’s simple and to the point, not to mention slick and very graphic. It is a  silkscreened edition printed on ‘Plike Black’ 140 GSM paper from GF Smith.
You can purchase your very [...]

Search Flickr by Color with Multicolr Search Lab

Since Flickr has a public API, people can create all sorts of fun applications to go play with the extensive photo website. The Multicolr Search Lab by Idée Inc lets you search the entire Flickr library by color. You can pick up to 10 colors. Above I did a search using primary colors: red, yellow, [...]

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Wooo!
——————————-
Greg Passuntino
w. gregpassuntino.com
e. gregpassuntino@gmail.com
p. 917 378 6366

Kiosk<?php the_title(); ?>

I ran across Kiosk’s website tonight and was amazed with what I found. It may be old news to some, but it’s new to me so I’m going to share it.
The idea behind the website is so simple, and yet so perfect. They travel across the world and find products that make you “why don’t [...]

Martin the Tailor<?php the_title(); ?>

‘Martin the Tailor’ is a story about Martin Greenfield, a tailor. He began working with clothes in a concentration camp in Germany, and ended up in the USA years later as the owner of a very successful garment factory.
The video is beautifully shot by Ed David and directed by Galen Summer. The dialog, the music, [...]

The Desktop Wallpaper Project<?php the_title(); ?>

Many people are completely content with the desktop wallpapers that come pre-installed on their computer. You know the type… those people who still have the classic Apple close up of the leopard print fur photo. But for people (like me) who spend most of their time awake in front of a computer, picking out a [...]

Pixel Buildings in Brussels by Lab[au]<?php the_title(); ?>

Lab[au], a design firm based out of Belgium, has installed windows with advanced lighting technology in a building in Brussels. Every night there are light shows at the Dexia Towers, where 4,200 of the 6,000 windows on the building are lit up with the help of 150,000 leds.
CR Blog explains how the lighting techology [...]

Feist performs on Sesame Street<?php the_title(); ?>

Musician Feist is far from just a musician, she’s an artist. Probably her most famous song, 1234, has a great music video that was filmed in all one shot (watch 1,2,3,4 here).
She recently performed 1,2,3,4 with some of your very favorite fuzzy creatures on Sesame Street, but with a slight twist. Feist switched the [...]

Font Conference<?php the_title(); ?>

I love fonts. You love fonts. What if all of our favorite fonts were people in the same room… you know US Senate style? If you can’t come up with an image in your head, watch the video below…

711 Gallery: Paradise Lost<?php the_title(); ?>

If you didn’t make it to the 711 Gallery opening, then you need to stop slacking. The gallery is three floors, has a winding staircase, skylights, and 20 foot (maybe more, I forgot to measure) ceilings. The openings may be crowded and sweaty, but it’s okay, there are plenty of beautiful art pieces, hot girls, [...]

Newstoday Mini Widget<?php the_title(); ?>

QBN.com, more formally known as Newstoday, is my first website pit stop after launching my browser. I go there to check on new designers, design related news, portfolios, and critique.

Both the Public Voice Network (PVN) and Public Choice are always being updated, and I mean constantly. You can actually see updates happen while browsing the site as [...]

RxArt<?php the_title(); ?>

Anyone who’s ever been checked into a hospital knows they are both sterile and alienating environments. RxArt works with some of the most renowned and respected artists and arts professionals working today to provide exposure to the finest contemporary art in patient, procedure and examination rooms of healthcare facilities.
Their wonderful team of accomplished individuals have been [...]

Chevy penny billboard ad<?php the_title(); ?>

Most people won’t make the effort to bend over and pickup a penny from the street. Chevrolet tested this idea by creating placing a 20 foot billboard in London and covering it with over 20,000 pennies. The pennies were all plucked from the billboard in less than 30 minutes.
Chevrolet’s Les Turton said: “There have been some [...]

A print a day: weapons, rainbows, and pinecones<?php the_title(); ?>

A Print a Day features works by Yasmine, a female artist who posts her work, you guessed it, once a day. You can download her work and use it for your own tshirts, wallpapers, or whatever else you think of using it for.
Below is some of the work currently on her site, but make sure [...]

NYC Typography<?php the_title(); ?>

Walking around New York City and looking at signage is a thousand times better than even the best typography book. New York is a mecca of type. It’s everywhere anywhere. Up, down, left, and right. 
Designer Jason Powers has recently started a Nyctype.com, a blog focusing strictly on typography from the streets of New York City. The [...]

Western Spaghetti<?php the_title(); ?>

There’s not too much to say about this video other than it’s a stop motion video of a man making breakfast and that it’s amazing. If your into stop motion then you will love Western Spaghetti by PES. You can view their entire portfolio at http://www.eatpes.com/. Watch the video below.

Microsoft Icon Quiz<?php the_title(); ?>

While Apple continues to push the limit of simplicity and usability, Microsoft just never seems to progress. Yes, Microsoft has started to give their icons a futuristic look, but that doesn’t change mean the message is any clearer.
Mental Floss has setup a Microsoft IQ Icon Test to prove how difficult the icons are to understand. [...]

The Subways Have Invisible Mirrors<?php the_title(); ?>

Improv Everywhere, the same people who brought you Frozen Grand Central, have just released photos from their latest stunt.
This time the group of pranksters gathered a bunch of identical twins and had them sit across from one another, creating a mirror effect. The goal was to see how long it would take for fellow strap [...]

Garbage Bag Creatures Are Crawling From NYC Subways!!!<?php the_title(); ?>

I have a love hate relationship with ’street art’. Half of me loves seeing people think outside of the spray can by creating witty cartoons, wheat pastes, sculptures, and other creative things on the street. The other half gets angered thinking about a 22 year old Pratt student from Wisconsin sneaking out of his college dorm to wheat paste [...]

New Adidas Plant Billboard<?php the_title(); ?>

Recently Adidas has been doing all they can to keep up with shoemaker giant Nike. They’ve been releasing everything from multicolored sneaks to co-brand sneakers such as the Lemar & Dauley x Adidas Remix Streetball 08 basket ball shoes in hopes to gain some of the hipster market.
In one of their most recent ad campaign [...]

Animatronic Nike Flesh Shoe<?php the_title(); ?>

To raise awareness for Nike’s sweatshop labor and Adam Brandejs has stitched together his own pair of basketball shoes with what looks like real human skin.
The shoe even moves, or better yet, twitches. The shoe is stitched together with multiple pieces of latex rubber cast out of moulds made from the artists own skin, as well as: steel, gear [...]

Houston & Broadway Pixels<?php the_title(); ?>

Those of you who’ve strolled down Houston Street in New York City within the past month have probably noticed the new art installation on both sides of the traffic heavy street. The artists used standard chain linked fences and inserted bright plastic diamond cutouts into each mesh, creating a “pixel” look. I’m happy to see [...]

Word Clock<?php the_title(); ?>

I’ve never been a fan of the default screen savers that come included with new computers. Photos of generic beach scenes and flowers bore me. I usually scour the web for something that will set my machine apart from the rest and make my friends glance over at my monitor when it turns on to protect my screen from [...]

dot.dot.dot<?php the_title(); ?>

We’ve all navigated through websites ending in .com, .net, .org, .gov, and .edu, and in recent years been to a few sites ending in .biz, .us, .tv, and more. This is all soon to change. The internet body, more formally known as The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), voted today to allow [...]

Barcode Plantage<?php the_title(); ?>

One can find it on almost all products: the bar code. Everyone knows that the bar code is used to facilitate the cashing and recording of goods in stores. But which information is actually encoded within the bar code?

Barcode Plantage by Daniel A. Becker, visually renders the data hidden within a barcode. Once a bar [...]

Squirrel Heaven<?php the_title(); ?>

Sam Sanfiliipo has created a taxidermied utopia to help keep the minds of the grieving occupied. His world of dioramas exists in the basement of an unassuming funeral home in Madison, WI. The museum is also home to hundreds of other trophies including fish, raccoons, and at least a couple of badgers.

Apparently anyone can [...]

OE-Cake: 2D animation fun!<?php the_title(); ?>

I’m not quite sure of anything productive you can do with the OE-Cake software, but am sure you will love it! OE-Cake! is demonstration software for 2D-based multi-physics simulation. It is similar to drawing images using paint software. You create objects and can see them move according to the laws of physics.

This software supports [...]

Yeondoo Jung: Drawings becoming reality<?php the_title(); ?>

Kid’s draw the darndest things, but what are they actually trying to translate onto paper? Yeondoo Jung has transformed the imaginative mind of children into a beautiful photography series. It’s pretty.

Jay Gard: DoubleGard<?php the_title(); ?>

Half Gallery (208 Forsyth St, New York, New York, 10002) will feature DoubleGard from June 10th - July 10th. It’s the first solo show for German sculptor Jay Gard, a former assistant to Tom Sachs. The chain of command, the grandeur of artifice and the empowerment struggle: all are themes you’ll find three -dimensionalized in this ambitious [...]

The Stanton Chapter<?php the_title(); ?>

Serf and Mint of 1134NYC have moved from The Canal Chapter to a new location on Stanton Street. Guess what they’ve called the new gallery… The Stanton Chapter (located at 176 Stanton St - NEW YORK CITY). Unlike the previous space, they’re now in a store front.

For the launch they’ve converted it into a bedroom, [...]

YouTube link hack<?php the_title(); ?>

I just learned a cool little trick for playing YouTube videos. By doing this super simple hack you can produce a clean page with just the video content.

1. Copy the YouTube URL
Ex. http://youtube.com/watch?v=5Zf7wMDufoI
2. Erase the “WATCH?“ 
3. Change the “ = ” for another “ / ”
Ex: http://www.youtube.com/v/5 Zf7wMDufoI
In other words, do this:
Youtube´s url + dash, v, dash + alphanumeric video [...]

Ashes of Pringles can designer put in a Pringles can!<?php the_title(); ?>

You’re probably wondering why I chose to write about the inventor of the Pringles can dying, and not Yves Saint Laurent’s death. Well, it’s obviously because this is much more interesting.

Anyways. Fredric J. Baur, of Cincinnati, died at age 89. Apparently he was so proud of his invention that a portion of his ashes was [...]

Flash in your PDF<?php the_title(); ?>

My friends know that I’m not a big fan of Flash, but when I heard this news it did make me tingle a little bit inside. Adobe’s release of Adobe Acrobat 9 will allow you to embed Flash SWF’s into your documents. This will certainly change the way we think of presentations.
“Adobe Systems on Monday [...]

Android Scan<?php the_title(); ?>

While surfing the net today, I came across an amazing mobile application called Android Scan. The name may sound super geeky, but it’s actually pretty amazing, and I cannot wait to give it a try for myself.

The Andoid Scan official website describes the software as an “application that finds pricing and metadata for anything [...]

Dan Witz: Escaping People<?php the_title(); ?>

Dan Wirtz is primarly known for his street paintings. Rather than spray painting walls, he paints various highly detailed imagery on walls around New York City. His most recent project features hands trying to escape from vents on the sides of various buildings in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.

While he’s not the first person to do graffiti / [...]

Telectroscope: NY to London<?php the_title(); ?>

Hardly anyone knows that a secret tunnel runs deep beneath the Atlantic Ocean. In May 2008, more than a century after it was begun, the tunnel has finally been completed. An extraordinary optical device called a Telectroscope has been installed at both ends which miraculously allows people to see right through the Earth from London [...]

Elastico Bookcase<?php the_title(); ?>

The Elastico Bookcase by Arianna Vivenzio, reminds me of the rubber band pegboards I played with as a kid. You know the ones I’m talking about, nails in a piece of wood and a set of rubber bands. You can then make almost any geometric shape possible until the rubber band snaps.
The ‘Elastico’ follows the [...]

Color swatch book of nyc observations<?php the_title(); ?>

Julie Cloutier has created a pretty neat desk ornament. It’s a collection of photos from around New York City, accompanied with a matching color along the bottom. The pieces are not for sale, but you can easily make one of these yourself with some film, Benjamin Moore paint swatches, some glue, and a bit of [...]

Original money origami<?php the_title(); ?>

I was once impressed by girls who could make cranes and rings out of one dollar bills. I will not laugh in the face of anyone attempting one of those novice dollar origami pieces, and possibly even rob them.
Finding these images inspired me to give it a try. I pulled out my Iraqi Dinar, which [...]

MUTO a wall-painted animation by BLU<?php the_title(); ?>

For the past couple months the internet has been plagued with animations by BLU. Their new “short film” is an ambiguous animation painted on public walls, but quite frankly, it isn’t short considering it’s stop motion nature. It’s 7 minutes and 26 seconds. Can you imagine painting each frame and taking a photo? Regardless, they’ve [...]

Glow in the dark paint<?php the_title(); ?>

How about a glowing light source that lasts for 15 years instead of the typical 15 minutes of a glowstick? GlowPaint’s newest product does just that and is also non-toxic and inexpensive and doesn’t require a recharge via solar or electrical sources for its entire lifespan. According to the company, “This has potential to save [...]

Mecha-Suit for Stephen Hawking<?php the_title(); ?>

Mike Rea has created a prototype mecha-suit of armor called the “A Prosthetic Suit For Stephen Hawking w/ Japanese Steel”. It’s composed of wood, rope, and pink foam and shows off the artists exceptional wood making skills, as well as his twisted sense of humor. Regardless of the bad joke, I can see Stephen Hawking [...]

Firefox 3 is fast<?php the_title(); ?>

“Now that Mozilla’s locked down Firefox 3’s final feature set with Friday’s push of release candidate 1, it’s official: while Firefox 3 boasts some great new features like a smart address bar and better bookmarks manager, the best reason to upgrade will be for the performance improvements. Firefox 3 is noticeably faster and more stable [...]

4 beautifully toxic Google Maps screenshots<?php the_title(); ?>

We’ve all used Google Maps at some point in our lives for directions, street view, or to take a look at a famous landmark. Sometimes when your browsing the Earth, you run across a landscape that is simply jaw dropping.
The four images below were taken on May 19th, 2008. They were not altered in anyway [...]

Gazeta Mercantil: Dollar<?php the_title(); ?>

Gazeta Mercantil’s new ad campaign is a shocker to many. It was printed in a Brazilian newspaper with the headline: “Understand the real value of money”. The print ad uses shocking images of money to tout the newspaper’s analysis of the financial market, as well as political and social events
Whether you agree or disagree with [...]

Apple iMac Aquarium<?php the_title(); ?>

The iMacquarium is a fresh water aquarium made out of a used Apple iMac computer. When I first heard about this I thought it was a “build it yourself” project, but I was very wrong. Jake Harms builds these unique aquariums and sell them for $199.99. I would imagine they would make a great home [...]

‘Handy Signs’ by Espo<?php the_title(); ?>

“Instead of using the current modes of expression associated with the advertising industry, Espo draws from an earlier era of words and images - the bygone idiom of the handpainted sign. Powers strives for authenticity in reviving this artisan’s pursuit, employing the richly vibrant, albeit highly toxic, One Shot sign painter’s enamel in his artistic [...]

Henk Hofstra’s “Art-Eggcident”<?php the_title(); ?>

Dutch artist Henk Hofstra, who is best known for his Blue Road, is back. He’s just finished an environmental art project called ‘Art Eggcident’ in Leeuwarden, a city in the north of the Netherlands.
Yesterday, several large eggs (each 100 feet wide) were spread on the Zaailand, one of the largest city squares in the Netherlands.
‘The [...]

Where On (Google) Earth Is Waldo?<?php the_title(); ?>

Melanie Coles, a young web designer and artist, has set out to stimulate an intriguing viral game. She has hidden a huge painting on a rooftop somewhere in Vancouver, in hopes that it will appear on Google Earth. When users examine satellite photos of the Lower Mainland after the next Google Earth “Fly-by” they will [...]

Harold Hunter Day - May 17, 2008<?php the_title(); ?>

May 17, 2008 will be the second Harold Hunter Day. It will be held at the Manhattan Bridge Skate Park. Pete Rock, Vinny Ponte and Neil Nice will be DJing and performing from from 12 to 6pm. A limited edition Harold Hunter skateboard, tee shirt and book will be available for sale at the after party. Portion [...]

Je Suis Une Bande De Jeunes<?php the_title(); ?>

Je Suis Une Bande De Jeunes is a photo lovers paradise. The site is composed of links to photographers “online shows”, which are (for the most part) presented in the simplest of ways, letting the work truly stand out. They have just updated their site with three new series: “You will never walk alone kid” [...]

Tenori-On<?php the_title(); ?>

The Tenori-On, by Yamaha, is a unique 16 x 16 LED button matrix performance instrument with a stunning visual display. For DJs & producers it is a unique performance tool enabling them to perform using MIDI and load the TENORI-ON with samples to ‘jam / improvise’ within their set BPMs.

The odd machine’s 16 x [...]

Pablo Picasso’s Guernica in 3D<?php the_title(); ?>

In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, Pablo Picasso was commissioned by the Spanish government to commemorate the Nazi Germany bombing of Guernica, Spain. The result is Guernica, a black and white painting that depicts the suffering and brutality of war, one of my favorite paintings.
Fast forward to 2008, where Lena Gieseke turned Picasso’s Guernica [...]

Flight Patterns by Aaron Koblin<?php the_title(); ?>

In 2005, Aaron Koblin took all of the air traffic over United States data, as seen by the FAA, and visualized it in a beautiful animation. Aaron’s work was originally developed as a series of experiments for the “Celestial Mechanics” project by Scott Hesels and Gabriel Dunne at UCLA. FAA data was parsed and plotted [...]

The BlackBerry Bold<?php the_title(); ?>

Research in Motion has finally unveiled its much-anticipated next BlackBerry, called, now, the BlackBerry Bold (aka the 9000). Only a few people have had the chance to play with one, and I hope I can be added to that list sometime in the near future.
Bonnie Cha of CNet said the following about the phone:
I can [...]

1950s - 1970s Advertising<?php the_title(); ?>

I ran across an amazing Flickr album today. It contains 142 vintage advertisements ranging from the 1950s through the 1970s. I love finding things like this. I’ll spend hours browsing, letting it all seep into my cranium. Did anyone say bookmark?
View the advertisments on the Flickr album. Enjoy!

Banksy’s “Cans Festival”<?php the_title(); ?>

Some are saying, “Show of the Year. Show of the Decade. Possibly Show of the Century.” Bansky is calling his show the “Cans Festival”, and is encouraging visitors to contribute their own graffiti starting Saturday. He has already brought together many artists like Faile, Blek, among others. It’s not a complete free for-all, as there [...]

Lucy & Bart<?php the_title(); ?>

LucyandBart is a collaboration between Lucy McRae and Bart Hess described as “an instinctual stalking of fashion, architecture, performance and the body.” They share a fascination with genetic manipulation and beauty expression. Unconsciously their work touches upon these themes, however it is not their intention to communicate this. They work in a primitive and limitless [...]

Jennifer Maestre’s pencil art

When I first saw Jennifer Maestre’s work, my jaw dropped. Not only is the work beautiful and well crafted, but the time she must have put into each piece is unimaginable.
Her sculptures were originally inspired by the form and function of the sea urchin. The spines of the urchin, so dangerous yet beautiful, serve [...]

German street performer hangs out<?php the_title(); ?>

Berlin street performer Johan Lorbeer has an unusual approach to street performance. Just by “hanging out” on the side of a building, thousands of locals and tourists marvel as they walk by. He calls the performance “Still Life.”

Not to ruin all the fun, but you can see how he pulls off this stunt in the [...]

Muxtape<?php the_title(); ?>

Muxtape, the online mixtape creation service, has been streaming free, user-generated playlists since its launch in late March. The idea is simple enough: Upload 12 MP3s and share your new playlist with friends.
I personally don’t use Muxtape to create playlists, although I easily could. Instead I use it when I don’t have access to an [...]

Pop artist Robert Rauschenberg dies at 82

Rauschenberg died Monday of heart failure at 82, it was announced Tuesday by Jennifer Joy, his representative at PaceWildenstein gallery in New York. His use of odd and everyday articles earned him regard as a pioneer in pop art, first gaining fame in the 1950s.
“The most famous thing he said was that he worked in [...]

Fractal Furniture by Takeshi Miyakawa<?php the_title(); ?>

That’s fractal 23, a chest of drawers by Japanese furniture designer Takeshi Miyakawa. I’m guessing from the name that it has 23 drawers (indeed, if you count them, it makes sense) but to make use of them all, you’d have to put it in the center of the room!
Checkout more f Takeshi Miyakawa’s work on [...]

Hotel Everland (Paris, France)<?php the_title(); ?>

Hotel Everland is a project by Swiss artist-duo L/B (Sabina Lang and Daniel Baumann). L/B are known for their Installations that deal with architecture and space and invite the viewer to get involved and become part of the artwork.

Everland is a hotel with only one room including a bathroom, a king-size bed and a lounge. [...]

Lanvin enters the game<?php the_title(); ?>

For the past couples seasons, High Fashion designers have explored the modern mens fashion by designing sneakers. This year Alber Elbaz of Lanvin, the nearly century old french fashion house, came with a collection of silk, suede, mesh and metallic patent leather high-tops (pictured above).
Of course when you say think high fashion the price tag [...]

Beautifully dangerous stairs<?php the_title(); ?>

Jordi Vayreda of Spanish design studio Jordivayreda Projectteam created this floating staircase for a client’s home that somewhat resemble the floating glass stairs in the Apple Store.
Okay, so I wouldn’t want to have to walk on those on a daily basis, but they look soooo hot! Of course, once you’re in a wheel chair and [...]

Max Knight’s Walking Bike<?php the_title(); ?>

Can you walk your bike and ride it at the same time? You can with Max Knight’s “Walking Bike.” Instead of tires, Max uses 8 pairs of sneakers, complete with black ankle socks!
The bike was designed for Max’s good friend Yorgo Tloupas at Intersection magazine.

Watch a video of the walking bike in action below:

The Subway Sun 1940-1960<?php the_title(); ?>

I found the following collection of vintage mass transportation ads while reading Grotesk’s 12ozProphet blog. It’s a collection of “amazing ads from the NY mass transportation from the 40’s to the 60’s.” The magazine used to be called The Subway Sun, and is the predecessor of the now called “Subway talk” that you see in [...]

Blaise Aguera y Arcas: Photosynth demo<?php the_title(); ?>

Using photos of oft-snapped subjects (like Notre Dame) scraped from around the Web, Photosynth creates breathtaking multidimensional spaces with zoom and navigation features that outstrip all expectation. Its architect, Blaise Aguera y Arcas, shows it off in this standing-ovation demo. Curious about that speck in corner? Dive into a freefall and watch as the speck [...]

Subtype freebies<?php the_title(); ?>

For the most part I try and avoid free fonts, but I figured I’d make an exception for these three. Subtype has a large collection of original fonts for sale, along with a freebies section. It’s worth a look.

Star Wars R2-D2 DVD Projector<?php the_title(); ?>

New limited edition hi def projector, dvd player, ipod dock, sound system, card reader and entertainment system in an authentic R2D2 that you can control. He has hook ups for computer, gaming systems, sattelite, cable. Can even plug in your ipod to play movies up to 260″ diagonally on wall or ceiling.

Below are the specs [...]

Robot And Helvetica Makes Helbotica<?php the_title(); ?>

When a robot is made of Helvetica it gets the name Helbotica.
Source: FFFFound

Extreme Type Terminology<?php the_title(); ?>

Paul Dean of www.ilovetypography.com has written an extremely extensive article on typography. Don’t waste your parent’s hard earned cash on a boring type class, when you can get all of that knowledge and more for free!
Below is an excerpt:
Our modern English alphabet is a child of the Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet, which evolved from [...]